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Aims: Integrating ecological niche models (ENMs) into phylogeographic studies, enables identifying the evolutionary processes and can be used to confirm species delimitation, particularly in species complex. The current study examined the divergence of two lineages of Eurasian green woodpecker complex (Picus viridis and P. innominatus), which were recently genetically proposed to the species level, using ecological niche modeling (ENM).Materials & Methods: The ENMs were built using 1346 occurrence points, and environmental layers including 19 bioclimatic variables as well as elevation and land cover for past and present timescales. Niche identity, background tests and principal component analyses (PCA) were then performed to compare their e
In this research, the genetic peculiarities of the common partridge (Alectoris chukar) have been investigated using a non-invasive sampling method and microsatellite markers in six loci. During 2014 and 2015, one hundred feather samples have been collected from four northwestern provinces of Iran. Our findings indicated that in Ilam, Kermanshah, and Hersin, there are two distinct subpopulations that have been diverged from other populations (Fst = 0.1). The highest diversity was recorded among the Kordestan populations, which can be related to the traditional culture of target species relocation, releasing in different places by the locals. The highest allelic frequency of 13.15 (and effective allelic frequency of 20) was recorded in Mariva
The Caspian Sea is the largest land-locked lake in the world that includes numerous endemic species. Because of its enclosed nature, the pollutants entering this water body become entrapped. The present paper examines the influence of human activity and beach morphology on the abundance and distribution of stranded plastic debris along the Caspian Sea coastlines. It would be possible by relating some characteristics of these beaches (population, urbanization, substrate type, and slope of beaches) with the abundance of plastic debris through a PCo analysis. The results showed that in our study area, the most effective factors on plastic debris distribution were urbanization and population followed by the slope and substrate of b
Global DNA methylation, as an epigenetic modifications, can be a promising genomic marker for monitoring the contaminants and predicting their adverse health effects. The study aims to assess the effects of 16 PAH concentration on the altered DNA methylation levels in the kidney and liver of rock pigeon (Columba livia), as a sentinel species, from Tehran megacity as well as 40 days benzo (a) pyrene in vitro exposure:(0.1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg kg-1 bw). Data indicated that the total LMW-PAH (low molecular weight PAHs) group (120.22, 121.34, 103.69, and 128.79 ng g-1 dw in liver, kidney, skin, and muscle, respectively) in the Tehran samples have higher levels than the other PAHs groups. In addition, the DNA methylation level had negative re
Global DNA methylation, as an epigenetic modifications, can be a promising genomic marker for monitoring the contaminants and predicting their adverse health effects. The study aims to assess the effects of 16 PAH concentration on the altered DNA methylation levels in the kidney and liver of rock pigeon (Columba livia), as a sentinel species, from Tehran megacity as well as 40 days benzo (a) pyrene in vitro exposure:(0.1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg kg− 1 bw). Data indicated that the total LMW-PAH (low molecular weight PAHs) group (120.22, 121.34, 103.69, and 128.79 ng g− 1 dw in liver, kidney, skin, and muscle, respectively) in the Tehran samples have higher levels than the other PAHs groups. In addition, the DNA methylation level had negat
Faecal standing crop pellet group counts have been widely used in forested habitats to estimate deer population size. To convert pellet group density to deer density, Knowledge of disappearance rate of pellet groups is necessary. The disappearance rate of pellet groups may be different in different environments and can affect the accuracy of abundance estimation. We estimated decomposition and disappearance rate of Persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) pellet groups in Dasht-e-Naz wildlife refuge, northern Iran, over a 12-month period. Labeling and monitoring pellet groups for decay was conducted at strip transects. Mean time?SD to pellet group decomposition and pellet group disappearance were 94. 84?5. 59 SE and 45. 79?2. 71 days, respec
Climate change would be caused by shifting the bird migrations routes and changing their habitats conditions. Parmesan (2006) compiled studies on many species, including alpine herbs, birds, and butterflies, and found an average poleward shift of 6.1 km per decade. outstanding influences on species range expansion and contraction due to climate change and global warming has been confirmed by fossil records (Woodward, 1987; Davis and Shaw, 2001) and reported trends (Hughes, 2000; McCarty, 2001; Walther et al., 2001). Birds that migrate long distances usually show less resistance to temperature increases are more likely to be victims than all other species. Therefore, moving to a new habitat is just one response to climate change. The Whooper
Global DNA methylation, as an epigenetic modifications, can be a promising genomic marker for monitoring the contaminants and predicting their adverse health effects. The study aims to assess the effects of 16 PAH concentration on the altered DNA methylation levels in the kidney and liver of rock pigeon (Columba livia), as a sentinel species, from Tehran megacity as well as 40?days benzo(a)pyrene in vitro exposure: (0.1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10?mg?kg⁻? bw). Data indicated that the total LMW-PAH (low molecular weight PAHs) group (120.22, 121.34, 103.69, and 128.79?ng?g⁻? dw in liver, kidney, skin, and muscle, respectively) in the Tehran samples have higher levels than the other PAHs groups. In addition, the DNA methylation level had negative
Pollutants in urban environments can influence on human health and other organisms such as birds living in the same regions. Therefore, the study of these species, as a sentinel, can realized on the health status of urban environments. The present research was conducted to measure Benzo a pyrene (BaP) concentration in different tissues of Rock Dove Columba livia as a sentinel species in in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this purpose, five groups were exposed to different concentrations (0.1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg. kg-1 bw) of BaP. Also, for the comparison of in vitro results with urban conditions, 12 body samples were captured from the Tehran megacity. Results showed different accumulation patterns among the studied groups, which can be
The succession of glacials and interglacials during the Pleistocene strongly influenced the diversification and distribution patterns in birds. In contrast to species of temperate regions, open‐habitat specialists should have experienced range expansion during the longer glacial periods, while range contractions occurred during the shorter interglacials. However, only few studies have tested this prediction so far. We studied the Oenanthe hispanica–pleschanka–cypriaca (Aves, Muscicapidae: Saxicolinae) complex characteristic of open habitats in the Palearctic. Based on three mitochondrial and one Z‐linked nuclear marker, we inferred its phylogeny, historical diversification, and demography. Ecological niche modeling was used to reco
Evolutionary forces during domestication process and breed formation have led to remarkable differences between wild and domestic sheep genomes. In this study, we compared genetic diversity of 13 Iranian Mouflons (Ovis orientalis) and 20 Iranian domestic sheep (Ovis aries) based on 86 candidate genes putatively involved in the domestication of sheep. Mean nucleotide diversity and mean expected heterozygosity of candidate genes calculated by means of VCF tools and statistical analysis were performed via IBM SPSS software. Our results showed that Mouflon was superior for both calculated diversity parameters in the majority of candidate genes under study. In fact, wild group showed higher mean nucleotide diversity and mean heterozygosity in 69
The variations of some metals including nickel, iron, copper, zink, mercury, lead, and cadmium were examined in wing primaries of dominant wintering waterfowl in international wetlands near the Caspian Sea’s southern basin, including graylag goose (Anser anser), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), pintail (Anas acuta) and common teal (Anas crecca). The core question of this study is the determination of primary feathers arrangement in molting, growth pattern effects and its performance on the bioaccumulation of contamination and determining the best growth feather location for biomonitoring purposes. The metals content, overall trend lines, and correlations among the 10 primary wing feathers were compared, and molting effects and f