Inter-area generation expansion planning in a multi-period timescale with minimization of expansion cost and pollution is proposed in this paper. The expansion decision is made in a deregulated environment from the viewpoint of the strategic competitor. In this regard, the GENCO can expand its generation units accessing various generation technologies as candidate expansion plans in the main area. The main area consists of several buses while the adjacent areas are modeled as a single bus. The behavior of the other competitors is considered predictable by the strategic GENCO. In this study, the uncertainties of load, electricity price and wind speed are included. To confront them, rough neural network methodology is employed to forecast the

Nowadays, according to sustainable development targets in modern societies, electricity markets are gradually connecting together. In this way, in this paper, a multi-agent generation expansion planning in a joint multi-electricity market environment is proposed. The GENCO (Generation Company) agents, competing in a deregulated structure, try to obtain the most profitable investment and operation plan regarding the incentives/taxes that the regulatory sector legislates. The multi-area market assumption encourages the GENCOs to offer their energy blocks to adjacent electricity markets whenever the production capacity is higher than the local load. To confront the uncertainties such as wind speed, market price, and load demand, the Markov cha

The accurate and reliable forecasting of wind power is of great importance for electrical systems’ control and operation. However, the intermittent nature of wind power generation implies a complicated forecasting framework. In this paper, a new hybrid model including three steps is proposed for point and probabilistic forecasting of wind power. Within the first step, by using data preprocessing methods, proposed weighted Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) by Mutual Information, and bootstrap approach, point forecasting and variance of the model uncertainties are estimated. In the second step, by employing ELM, bootstrap approach, and an ensemble structure, the noise variance is calculated. During the final step, to improve the results of the

Rare and extreme climate events may result in wide power outages or blackouts. The concept of power system resilience has been introduced for focusing on high-impact and low-probability (HILP) events such as a hurricane, heavy snow, and floods. Power system resilience is the ability of a system to reduce the likelihood of blackout or wide power outages due to HILP events. Indeed, in a resilient power system, as the severity of HILP events increases, the rate (but not the amount) of unserved loads diminishes. Suitable measures for managing power system resilience can be classified into three categories in terms of time, known as “resilience-based planning,” “resilience-based response,” and “resilience-based restoration.” The most

The advent of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks, referred to as active distribution networks (ADNs), brings in new opportunities for distribution network operators (DNOs) to improve the network reliability. The contribution of DERs in reliability enhancement generally depends on the island mode operation of DERs. Optimal placement of sectionalizing switches (SSs) enables ADNs to be operated more reliably by islanding the faulted part of the system in the form of flexible micro-grids (FMGs). However, practical methods are needed to handle the complex problem of the SS placement in ADNs. This paper presents a risk-based two-stage mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for the optimal placement of the network-

Correct measurement of different signals used in the micro-grids control center (MGCC) is crucial for their operation, control, and stability. This is especially true for micro-grids operating in island mode. To keep their operation efficient and safe, faulty sensors should be instantly isolated. To this end, novel sensor fault detection and isolation schemes are proposed in this paper that are built based on unknown input observer method (UIO). In this method, load fluctuations and output power variations of renewable energy sources are modeled as unknown inputs. Theoretical analysis and simulation scenarios are carried out on a micro-grid system which consists of different types of energy generation sources and energy storage systems to p

Sustainability of power systems is a vital need for modern societies. The occurrence of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, may lead to blackouts. Hence, power systems resilience is a critical issue for experts. The main focus of this paper is on how to assess power system resilience comprehensively. In this regard, a two-stage framework is proposed. In the first stage, an approach is presented to evaluate power system resilience against a single intensity of a hurricane, which is called snapshot resilience assessment. The Cost of Energy Not Supplied (CENS) is regarded as a primary criterion. A risk measure called Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) is incorporated into this approach to manage the risk of experiencing unfavorable failu

Demand response programs (DRPs) are appropriate tools to improve power system operation. Applying these programs results in a reduction in reliability cost and electricity price, transmission congestion and pollution relief, and also can determine postponements in network expansion. Therefore, developing a comprehensive model for DRPs is necessary for accurate planning and encouragement of consumers to increase their participation. In this paper, by using the market elasticity concept, a comprehensive model for DRPs is developed. Market elasticity is defined as sensitivity of electricity price on the network load. The proposed model is able to increase the consumers’ participation by providing a higher awareness about their

High penetration of renewable energy sources will cause crucial challenges for future energy systems. This study presents a three-level model for adaptive robust expansion co-planning of electricity and natural gas infrastructures in multi-energy-hub networks, which is robust against uncertainties of maximum production of wind generation and gas-fired power plants as well as estimated load levels. The proposed min–max–min model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem. The first level minimises the investment cost of electricity and natural gas infrastructures, the worst possible case is determined through the second level, and the third level minimises the overall operation cost under that condition. To solve this mo