Tendency toward physical development in underground due to shortage of land and rapid grout of metropolitan areas is taken into consideration in recent contemporary period. Reduction of traffic congestion, the problem of high density built form, and also solving other related problems of inhabitants, is an avoidable approach at present. Although there are many ideas and views to develop underground spaces by what has happen in various cases in Tehran, but it is not efficient and acceptable. Study and elaboration of various such cases in Tehran can help in clarification of the problem and also provide practical solution for upgrading these complexes of public urban spaces. The aim and objective of the research is to create comprehensive urba

Competitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and benchmarks, some international organizations offer competitive rankings of cities by introducing their indicators. Given that new cities have great potential to create competitiveness, so the study of factors affecting the competitiveness of the new city of Parand can be a step towards identifying these factors. This study aims to identify the most effective competitiveness factors of Parand city with a qualitative-quantitative method and using the Granded Theory approach in the q